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CONVENTION BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND RUSSIA
1907
Signed at St. Petersburg
on the 18th (31st) August 1907
His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor
of India, and His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias, animated
by the sincere desire to settle by mutual agreement different
questions concerning the interests of their States on the Continent
of Asia, have determined to conclude Agreements destined to prevent
all cause of misunderstanding between Great Britain and Russia
in regard to the questions referred to, and have nominated for
this purpose their respective Plenipotentiaries, to wit:
His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor
of India, the Right Honorable Sir Arthur Nicolson, His Majesty's
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the
Emperor of All the Russias;
His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias, the Master of
his Court Alexander Iswolsky, Minister for Foreign Affairs;
Who, having communicated to each other their full powers,
found in good and due form, have agreed on the following.
Arrangement Concerning Thibet
The Governments of Great Britain and Russia recognizing the
suzerain rights of China in Thibet, and considering the fact
that Great Britain, by reason of her geographical position, has
a special interest in the maintenance of the status quo in the
external relations of Thibet, have made the following arrangement.
Article I. The two High Contracting Parties engage to respect
the territorial integrity of Thibet and to abstain from all interference
in the internal administration.
Article II. In conformity with the admitted principle of the
suzerainty of China over Thibet, Great Britain and Russia engage
not to enter into negotiations with Thibet except through the
intermediary of the Chinese Government. This engagement does
not exclude the direct relations between British Commercial Agents
and the Thibetan authorities provided for in Article V of the
Convention between Great Britain and Thibet of the 7th September
1904, and confirmed by the Convention between Great Britain and
China of the 27th April 1906; nor does it modify the engagements
entered into by Great Britain and China in Article I of the said
Convention of 1906.
It is dearly understood that Buddhists, subjects of Great
Britain or of Russia, may enter into direct relations on strictly
religious matters with the Dalai Lama and the other representatives
of Buddhism in Thibet; the Governments of Great Britain and Russia
engage, as far as they are concerned, not to allow those relations
to infringe the stipulations of the present arrangement.
Article III. The British and Russian Governments respectively
engage not to send Representatives to Lhassa.
Article IV. The two High Contracting Parties engage neither
to seek nor to obtain, whether for themselves or their subjects,
any Concessions for railways, roads, telegraphs, and mines, or
other rights in Thibet.
Article V. The two Governments agree that no part of the revenues
of Thibet, whether in kind or in cash, shall be pledged or assigned
to Great Britain or Russia or to any of their subjects.
Annex to the Arrangement Between
Great Britain and Russia Concerning Thibet
Great Britain reaffirms the declaration, signed by His Excellency
the Viceroy and Governor-General of India and appended to the
ratification of the Convention of the 7th September 1904, to
the effect that the occupation of the Chumbi Valley by British
forces shall cease after the payment of three annual installments
of the indemnity of 25,00,000 rupees, provided that the trade
marts mentioned in Article H of that Convention have been effectively
opened for three years, and that in the meantime the Thibetan
authorities have faithfully complied in all respects with the
terms of the said Convention of 1904. It is clearly understood
that if the occupation of the Chumbi Valley by the British forces
has, for any reason, not been terminated at the time anticipated
in the above Declaration, the British and Russian Governments
will enter upon a friendly exchange of views on this subject.
The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications
exchanged at St. Petersburgh as soon as possible.
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed
the present Convention and affixed thereto their seals. |
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